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罗岚蓉,李坚
《中国工程科学》 2015年 第17卷 第6期 页码 65-69
新孢子虫病——分子流行病学及发病机制综述 Review
Asis Khan, Jahangheer S. Shaik, Patricia Sikorski, Jitender P. Dubey, Michael E. Grigg
《工程（英文）》 2020年 第6卷 第1期 页码 10-19 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.02.010
人类蛋白质N-糖基化的十二年全基因组关联研究 Review
Anna Timoshchuk, Sodbo Sharapov, Yurii S. Aulchenko
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 17-31 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.03.013
Most human-secreted and membrane-bound proteins have covalently attached oligosaccharide chains, or glycans. Glycosylation influences the physical and chemical properties of proteins, as well as their biological functions. Unsurprisingly, alterations in protein glycosylation have been implicated in a growing number of human diseases, and glycans are increasingly being considered as potential therapeutic targets, an essential part of therapeutics, and biomarkers. Although glycosylation pathways are biochemically well-studied, little is known about the networks of genes that guide the cell- and tissue-specific regulation of these biochemical reactions in humans in vivo. The lack of a detailed understanding of the mechanisms regulating glycome variation and linking the glycome to human health and disease is slowing progress in clinical applications of human glycobiology. Two of the tools that can provide much sought-after knowledge of human in vivo glycobiology are human genetics and genomics, which offer a powerful data-driven agnostic approach for dissecting the biology of complex traits. This review summarizes the current state of human populational glycogenomics. In Section 1, we provide a brief overview of the N-glycan's structural organization, and in Section 2, we give a description of the major blood plasma glycoproteins. Next, in Section 3, we summarize, systemize, and generalize the results from current N-glycosylation genome-wide association studies (GWASs) that provide novel knowledge of the genetic regulation of the populational variation of glycosylation. Until now, such studies have been limited to an analysis of the human blood plasma N-glycome and the N-glycosylation of immunoglobulin G and transferrin. While these three glycomes make up a rather limited set compared with the enormous multitude of glycomes of different tissues and glycoproteins, the study of these three does allow for powerful analysis and generalization. Finally, in Section 4, we turn to genes in the established loci, paying particular attention to genes with strong support in Section 5. At the end of the review, in Sections 6 and 7, we describe special cases of interest in light of new discoveries, focusing on possible mechanisms of action and biological targets of genetic variation that have been implicated in human protein N-glycosylation.
用于细胞活动可调式光遗传学操控的无线程控LED阵列的研究开发
齐元楷,陈俊晔,刘雪纯,周晓旭,樊剑南,申屠平,Olof Idevall-Hagren,许迎科
《工程（英文）》 2018年 第4卷 第6期 页码 745-747 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.08.005
一种使用光学可控生物致动器的微蠕动泵 Article
Eitaro Yamatsuta, Sze Ping Beh, Kaoru Uesugi, Hidenobu Tsujimura, Keisuke Morishima
《工程（英文）》 2019年 第5卷 第3期 页码 580-585 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.033
蠕动在自然界中广泛存在，这种将营养输送到身体各个部位的泵送活动在消化系统中是重要的。在本文中，我们提出了一种由肌肉驱动的管状微型泵，这种微型泵可以用于蠕动输送。我们利用在骨骼肌细胞膜上表达光敏感通道-2（ChR2）的果蝇幼虫获得具有光响应性的肌肉组织。幼虫在蓝光刺激下强制性地表现出肌肉收缩。在改变传播光刺激的速度的同时，我们观察到收缩的肌肉组织表面出现了位移。我们通过将幼虫解剖成管状结构以获得蠕动泵。解剖得到的管状结构的平均内径约为400 μm，平均外径约为750 μm。可以用相同的蓝光刺激来控制这些管状结构的收缩。为了观察内部流动，我们将微珠放入蠕动泵中，并确认泵可以以120 μm·s–1的速度输送微珠。
桂建芳,包振民,张晓娟
《中国工程科学》 2016年 第18卷 第3期 页码 8-14 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2016.03.002
20多年来，随着水生生物学和生物技术的发展，我国在水产遗传育种与种业方面取得了诸多进展，但也面临着机遇和挑战。本文围绕种质资源保存与利用、遗传机制解析与功能基因挖掘、优良性状新品种选育、水产种业建设等，开展国内外遗传育种现状对比分析研究，分析了当前存在的一些问题，提出未来特别是“十三五”期间水产遗传育种科技发展目标和重点任务。
王宏建,高本庆,刘瑞祥
《中国工程科学》 2002年 第4卷 第5期 页码 84-87
采用遗传算法来优化单脉冲阵列天线的和、差方向图和方向性系数。
王英
《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第7期 页码 57-59
分析了遗传算法及退火算法的优缺点，提出用退火算法改进遗传算法局部的最优值搜索效率低问题。退火算法与遗传算法融合后，使算法在寻优结果上更加迅速精确。通过水泥的配比工程实例，与单纯的遗传算法的结果进行对比，说明该方法是有效的。
杨仁崔
《中国工程科学》 2005年 第7卷 第8期 页码 26-30
发现水稻节间伸长的eui新基因及其高秆隐性种质的多型性，育成长穗颈的雄性不育系，组配成e(eui)-杂交稻，并已进入生产应用。e-杂交稻研究和发展的目标是：减少杂交稻种子生产中50%～90%的赤霉素用量，并提高种子产量和质量；杂交稻增产，同时减少杂交稻种植的氮肥用量。已克隆分离出EUI1，EUI2基因，并获得该突变基因碱基缺失多样性的材料，将为植物生长发育，GA代谢激素与杂种优势，以及基因突变的分子机理和植物基因工程的研究提供材料和机遇。
夏家辉
《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第11期 页码 1-11
介绍了中国医学遗传学国家重点实验室在遗传病家系收集、疾病基因定位、疾病基因克隆和疾病基因功能研究方面的研究工作。用细胞遗传学G显带技术于1975年发现了一条与鼻咽癌相关的标记染色体t（1；3）（q44；p11）；1981年将睾丸决定基因（TDF）定位于Yp11.32带；1991年以来收集遗传病家系345种共590个；1996年用显微切割、PCR、微克隆技术克隆了EXT2基因；1998年用基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆方法克隆了遗传性神经性耳聋基因GJB3；1999年用连锁分析和全基因组扫描将一种遗传性弥漫性浅表性光敏性汗孔角化症定位于
关键词： 遗传病家系 基因定位和克隆 基因家族-候选疾病基因克隆 基因组扫描 基因功能研究
代谢组扩展生物学的“旁中心法则”——对理解基因组学-糖组学-代谢组学-表观基因组学互作的意义
Albert Stuart Reece
《工程（英文）》 2023年 第26卷 第7期 页码 16-16 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.07.011
The central dogma of biology holds that the transcription of DNA into RNA and the translation of RNA into proteins forms the primary axis of biological activity [1]. Following major advances in the description of the complex glycan and lipid chains that are added onto these basic building blocks, the glycome and lipidome have recently been added to this doctrine as an exciting new extension named the ‘‘paracentral dogma” [2]. However, it has been pointed out that biological systems can include many layers, which are described in modern omics technology platforms relating to both cell-intrinsic and cell-extrinsic layers of control, including metabolomic, microbiomic, immunological, epigenomic, epitranscriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic layers [3].
It is well known that stem and progenitor cells have a metabolism that is based on glycolysis and glutaminolysis [4]. Although this provides less energy to the cell than oxidative phosphorylation, it suffices for these cells’ needs, since such cells are generally relatively quiescent and normally suppress energy-intensive processes such as genome duplication and transcription. Moreover, it has been shown that the high intracellular lactate levels involved in such states not only inhibits the key gatekeeper enzymes of oxidative phosphorylation (i.e., pyruvate dehydrogenase and carnitine palmitoyl acyltransferase) but also actually covalently modifies them by lactylation in order to maintain this inhibited metabolic–epigenomic state [5]. In addition, intermediate metabolism and nutrients are the source of the very extensive library of post-translational modifications to DNA, RNA, and proteins, as well as supplying cellular energy for many of the required reactions. Hence, the metabolic state locks in and reinforces the epigenomic state, and the metabolome and epigenome thereby play mutually reinforcing roles. This self-reinforcing coordination explains why it is so difficult to generate induced pluripotent cells and is a contributory explanation for why the described protocols typically have such low cellular yields.
These concepts become even more important when it is considered that cancer cells are de-differentiated, similarly rely on glycolysis and glutaminolysis, and are similarly metabolically–epigenomically–genomically synchronized. The disruption of this metabolic system is a key focus of mechanistic cancer research.
These important considerations imply that the descriptive and predictive power of the newly described ‘‘paracentral dogma” of biology may be usefully and meaningfully extended by including the metabolome, along with the genome, transcriptome, proteome, glycome, and lipidome, to describe cell-intrinsic regulation—not only in terms of another omics analytical layer but also as a fully predictive and interactive partner in the symphonic-like multilayer coordination that evidently comprises cellular regulatory layering.
标题 作者 时间 类型 操作
新孢子虫病——分子流行病学及发病机制综述
Asis Khan, Jahangheer S. Shaik, Patricia Sikorski, Jitender P. Dubey, Michael E. Grigg
期刊论文
一种使用光学可控生物致动器的微蠕动泵
Eitaro Yamatsuta, Sze Ping Beh, Kaoru Uesugi, Hidenobu Tsujimura, Keisuke Morishima
期刊论文
中国遗传学会基因组编辑分会第二次会员代表大会暨全国学术年会
2019年11月22日
会议信息
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